Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects how a person communicates, socializes, and understands the world.
It usually appears in early childhood and may be noticed when a child shows differences in speech, play, or social interaction.
Every child with autism is unique — some may need more support, while others are highly independent and skilled in certain areas.

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🧠 What Are the Core Characteristics of Autism?

According to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), autism is defined by two main features:

• Social communication and interaction differences– difficulty understanding social cues, facial expressions, tone of voice, or maintaining eye contact.
• Repetitive behaviors or limited interests– reliance on routines, repeating words or actions, or focusing intensely on specific topics.

Children may also experience:

• Sensory sensitivities (to light, sound, textures, or movement)
• Strong preferences for routines or predictability
• Uneven skill development — excelling in some areas while needing help in others

Autism exists on a spectrum — meaning it varies in how it affects each individual.

• Some children may have advanced language or cognitive skills yet find social rules confusing.
• Others may communicate through gestures, visuals, or assistive tools instead of words.
• Social challenges may include making friends, understanding emotions, or adapting to change.

Many children with autism also have co-occurring conditions such as ADHD, learning differences, or anxiety, which can affect learning and behavior.

Autism can appear differently from one child to another. Some children show signs early in life, while others may develop skills typically at first and show differences later.

Parents may notice differences in areas such as:

• Speech and language development

• Social interaction and response to others

• Play skills and imagination

• Sensitivity to sounds, textures, or changes in routine

• Emotional regulation and behavior flexibility

It is important to remember that developmental differences exist in all children. Observing certain signs does not automatically mean a child has autism.

Some early signs of autism may be observed during infancy or early childhood. These can include:

• Limited eye contact or response to name

• Delayed speech or limited use of gestures

• Reduced interest in social games or interaction

• Strong preference for routines or repetitive behaviors

• Difficulty adjusting to changes

👶 Typical Early Development Milestones

Early signs vary widely, and the presence of these signs alone does not confirm an autism diagnosis. Professional assessment is essential.

There is no single known cause of autism. Research suggests that ASD is related to genetic factors and early brain development. Autism is not caused by parenting style, emotional environment, or a single life event.

Rather than focusing on causes, many families find it more helpful to focus on understanding their child’s strengths and learning needs, and exploring appropriate forms of support.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation conducted by qualified professionals. Diagnosis typically involves:

• Developmental history

• Behavioral observation across settings

• Input from caregivers and professionals

There is no single test that can diagnose autism. A thorough and individualized assessment process is essential.

If parents have concerns about their child’s development, seeking professional guidance early can help provide clarity and direction.

There are many misconceptions surrounding autism. Some common misunderstandings include beliefs such as:

• Autism is a disease that can be “caught” or cured
• Autism means a child lacks intelligence
• Autism is caused by poor parenting or upbringing
• All individuals with autism are the same

Understanding autism as a neurodevelopmental difference helps reduce stigma and supports informed decision-making.

Autism is a developmental condition that affects how individuals experience and interact with the world. It is not a result of emotional neglect, discipline issues, or lack of effort.

Children with autism can learn, develop, and build meaningful skills when supported in ways that match their individual needs.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) — a developmental condition affecting communication, social interaction, and behavior — is becoming increasingly recognized across the world, including in Hong Kong.

Recent data suggests that about 1 in 27 people in Hong Kong may be on the autism spectrum. This growing prevalence reflects not only greater awareness and better diagnosis, but also environmental and genetic factors. Factors such as prenatal stress, air quality, and changes in lifestyle have been associated with the rise of autism both in Hong Kong and Mainland China.

💡 The Positive Outlook

The encouraging news is that children in Hong Kong with autism can thrive when they receive the right support early. With proper therapy, many develop strong communication, social, and learning skills that allow them to reach their fullest potential.

Learning about autism is often the first step. Every child’s journey is different, and there is no single approach that works for all families.

Many parents choose to explore evidence-informed, communication- and behavior-based learning approaches that support children in developing practical skills for daily life.

👇🏻 Learn more: What Is ABA-VB Therapy? Click the botton below 👇🏻